Surgical Suture

Introduction

Sutures are special threads used for ligation and hemostasis, suture and tissue suturing during surgical operations or trauma treatment. When used for tissue suturing, they can ensure wound closure, support healing and reduce the chance of infection. They are divided into absorbable and non-absorbable threads.

Composition

Core: This is the main part of the suture, usually made of natural or synthetic materials. Natural materials include catgut, silk, etc., while synthetic materials include nylon, polylactic acid (PLA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), etc.

Coating: In order to reduce tissue reaction and pain, many sutures are coated with a layer of substance such as silicone oil, wax or other lubricants.

Surface treatment: In order to improve the performance of the suture, such as reducing tissue reaction, increasing strength or easy operation, the core may be specially treated.

Features

Biocompatibility: The suture material should have good biocompatibility, that is, it will not cause or cause minimal tissue reaction to ensure a smooth healing process at the surgical site.

Strength: Sutures need to be strong enough to withstand the tension of the surgical site until the wound heals.

Absorbability: Some suture materials can be decomposed and absorbed in the body, reducing the need for postoperative suture removal and alleviating patient pain.

Corrosion resistance: Sutures should have good corrosion resistance to resist erosion by body fluids and maintain their performance.

Easy to operate: Sutures should be easy to knot and operate so that surgeons can complete sutures accurately and quickly during surgery.

Elasticity: Some suture materials have a certain elasticity that can adapt to the expansion and contraction of tissues and reduce the formation of postoperative scars.

Degradation rate: The degradation rate of absorbable sutures should be moderate, which can ensure sufficient strength during wound healing and be safely absorbed after healing.

Scope of application

1.Absorbable surgical sutures

General soft tissue repair: Applicable to the suture of soft tissues such as skin, muscle, and mucosa.

Pediatric surgery: Since children's tissues are more delicate, absorbable sutures can reduce irritation to tissues.

Visceral surgery: Suture of visceral organs such as stomach, intestines, and bladder.

Ophthalmic surgery: occasions that require fine suturing and avoid long-term foreign body retention.

Microsurgery: delicate operations such as blood vessel and nerve anastomosis.

Oral surgery: such as periodontal surgery, oral mucosal suture.

2.Non-absorbable surgical sutures

Skin sutures: especially those that need to be removed, such as the face, neck, etc.

Deep tissue sutures: such as tendons, muscles, and large blood vessels.

Joint surgery: such as joint capsule and ligament repair.

Heart surgery: sutures that need to maintain strength for a long time.

Vascular surgery: especially large blood vessel anastomosis.

Plastic surgery: sutures require good durability and strength.

How to use？

1.  Choose the right suture

Choose the right suture material, diameter and length according to the surgical site, type and patient's specific conditions.Consider the absorbability and non-absorbability of the suture, as well as its compatibility with the tissue.

2.  Aseptic operation

Sutures should be removed and used under sterile conditions to avoid infection during surgery.When opening the suture package, be careful not to touch the main part of the suture.

3.  Correct suturing technique

Ensure that the stitch length and margin are appropriate during suturing to promote wound healing and reduce the risk of infection.Choose the correct suturing method, such as simple apposition suturing, eversion suturing or inversion suturing.

4.Suturing steps

Preparation: Make sure the surgical area is clean and the suture is sterile.

Threading: Use a needle holder to pass the suture through the eye of the needle to ensure that the suture is fixed.

Inserting the needle: Insert the needle from one side of the tissue, pass through the tissue, and remove the needle from the other side.

Adjust the tension: Adjust the tension of the suture as needed to ensure good tissue apposition.

Knotting: Use appropriate knotting techniques to ensure the stability of the knot.

Cutting the thread: Use scissors to cut off the excess suture, leaving the thread head of appropriate length.

5.  Suture handling

During the suturing process, avoid excessive pulling of the suture to avoid tissue damage.Use appropriate scissors to cut the suture, and avoid using blunt scissors to cause suture damage.

6.  Knotting skills

Ensure that the knot is firmly tied, follow the principles and precautions of knotting, and avoid slipping knots or breaking the thread.Use both hands to apply force evenly to ensure the quality and safety of ligation.

7.  Wound care

After suturing, take appropriate care of the wound, including cleaning and bandaging.Observe whether the wound has abnormal conditions such as infection, redness, swelling, exudation, etc.

8.  Suture removal time

Remove the suture at an appropriate time according to the location and healing of the wound.Follow the suture removal procedures and indications and contraindications to ensure the safety of suture removal and wound healing.

9.  Patient education

Explain to the patient the precautions after suture placement, including wound care, activity restrictions and follow-up time.

10.  Recording and tracking

Record the type and specifications of sutures used in the operation, as well as the patient's wound healing.Track suture-related complications for timely treatment.

11.  Waste disposal

Used sutures and other surgical waste should be discarded in accordance with medical waste disposal regulations.

Maintenance

1.Storage conditions

Sutures should be stored in a dry, cool environment, avoiding high temperature and humidity, as high temperature and humidity may cause sutures to deteriorate or mold.

Avoid exposing sutures to direct sunlight, as ultraviolet rays may affect the strength and absorbability of sutures.

Sutures should always be kept in their original sterile packaging until opened before use.

2.Package inspection

Before use, check whether the packaging of the suture is intact.     If it is damaged, contaminated or wet, the suture should not be used.    Suture packaging usually has an expiration date or an expiration date.     Make sure to use the suture within the expiration date.

3.Disposal

Used sutures should be discarded in accordance with medical waste disposal regulations to avoid harm to the environment and human body.

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